The family of the Prince of Orange eventually adopted the name and the colour orange in the 1570s. The Principality of Orange took its name not from the fruit, but from a Roman-Celtic settlement on the site which was founded in 36 or 35 BC and was named Arausio, after a Celtic water god however, the name may have been slightly altered, and the town associated with the colour, because it was on the route by which quantities of oranges were brought from southern ports such as Marseille to northern France. It originated in 1163 the tiny Principality of Orange, a feudal state of 108 square miles (280Р В РІР‚в„ўР вЂ™Р’В km 2) north of Avignon in southern France. The House of Orange-Nassau was one of the most influential royal houses in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. Portuguese merchants brought the first orange trees to Europe from Asia in the late 15th and early 16th century, along with the Sanskrit naranga, which gradually became part of several European languages: naranja in Spanish, laranja in Portuguese, and orange in English. Because of its yellow-orange colour, it was also a favourite with alchemists searching for a way to make gold, both in China and in the West.Р В РІР‚СњР вЂ™Р’В«efore the late 15th century, the colour orange existed in Europe, but without the name it was simply called yellow-red. It was also used as a fly poison and to poison arrows. Orpiment was an important item of trade in the Roman Empire and was used as a medicine in China although it contains arsenic and is highly toxic. Pigments were also made in ancient times from a mineral known as orpiment. The colour was also used later by Medieval artists for the colouring of manuscripts. Orange carnelians were significantly used during Indus Valley Civilization which was, in turn, obtained the people from Kutch, Gujarat. In Egypt, a mineral pigment called realgar for tomb paintings, as well as other uses. In ancient Egypt, and ancient India, artists used an orange colour on some of their items.

Alternatively, orange things were sometimes described as red such as red deer, red hair, the Red Planet and robin redbreast. Crog also referred to the saffron colour, so that orange was also referred to as Р В РІР‚СњР В Р вЂ№eolurР В РІР‚СњР Р†Р вЂљРЎС™ad ( yellow-red) for reddish orange, or Р В РІР‚СњР В Р вЂ№eolucrog ( yellow-saffron) for yellowish orange. Р В РІР‚СњР вЂ™Р’В«efore this word was introduced to the English-speaking world, saffron already existed in the English language. The place-name ' Orange' has a separate etymology and is not related to that of the colour. Another early recorded use was in 1512, in a will now filed with the Public Record Office. The earliest known recorded use of orange as a colour name in English was in 1502, in a description of clothing purchased for Margaret Tudor. The French word, in turn, comes from the Italian arancia, based on Arabic nР В РІР‚СњР В РЎвЂњranj ( Р В Р’В©Р Р†Р вЂљР’В Р В Р РѓР вЂ™Р’В§Р В Р РѓР вЂ™Р’В±Р В Р’В©Р Р†Р вЂљР’В Р В Р РѓР вЂ™Р’В¬), borrowed from Persian naarang derived from Sanskrit nР В РІР‚СњР В РЎвЂњraР В Р’В±Р Р†РІР‚С›РІР‚вЂњР Р†Р вЂљР’В¦ga ( Р В Р’В°Р вЂ™Р’В¤Р В Р С“Р В Р’В°Р вЂ™Р’В¤Р РЋРІР‚СћР В Р’В°Р вЂ™Р’В¤Р вЂ™Р’В°Р В Р’В°Р вЂ™Р’В¤Р Р†РІР‚С›РЎС›Р В Р’В°Р СћРЎвЂ™Р В Р Р‰Р В Р’В°Р вЂ™Р’В¤Р Р†Р вЂљРІР‚Сњ), which in turn derives from a Dravidian root word (compare Р В Р’В°Р вЂ™Р’В®Р В Р С“Р В Р’В°Р вЂ™Р’В®Р вЂ™Р’В°Р В Р’В°Р вЂ™Р’В®Р В Р С“Р В Р’В°Р В РІР‚РЋР В Р Р‰Р В Р’В°Р вЂ™Р’В®Р вЂ™Р’В¤Р В Р’В°Р вЂ™Р’В®Р вЂ™Р’В®Р В Р’В°Р В РІР‚РЋР В Р Р‰/ Р В Р’В°Р СћРІР‚ВР В Р С“Р В Р’В°Р СћРІР‚ВР РЋРІР‚СћР В Р’В°Р СћРІР‚ВР вЂ™Р’В°Р В Р’В°Р СћРІР‚ВР Р†РІР‚С›РЎС›Р В Р’В°Р вЂ™Р’ВµР В Р Р‰Р В Р’В°Р СћРІР‚ВР Р†РІР‚С›РЎС› narandam / naranja which refers to bitter orange in Tamil and Malayalam). The word comes from the Old French: orange, from the old term for the fruit, pomme d'orange. In English, the colour orange is named after the appearance of the ripe orange fruit. Saffron is both a spice and a widely used dye in Asia. In Asia it is an important symbolic colour of Buddhism and Hinduism. It also serves as the political colour of the Christian democracy political ideology and most Christian democratic political parties. In Europe and America, surveys show that orange is the colour most associated with amusement, the unconventional, extroversion, warmth, fire, energy, activity, danger, taste and aroma, the autumn and Allhallowtide seasons, as well as having long been the national colour of the Netherlands and the House of Orange.

Similarly, the hues of autumn leaves are from the same pigment after chlorophyll is removed. These pigments convert the light energy that the plants absorb from the Sun into chemical energy for the plants' growth. The orange colour of many fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, and oranges, comes from carotenes, a type of photosynthetic pigment. It is named after the fruit of the same name. In the RGB colour model, it is a tertiary colour. In traditional colour theory, it is a secondary colour of pigments, produced by mixing yellow and red. Human eyes perceive orange when observing light with a dominant wavelength between roughly 585 and 620 nanometres. Orange is the colour between yellow and red on the spectrum of visible light.

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